reported a prevalence of LADA among T2DM patients to be 11.9% and 14.0%, respectively. In a similar previous study in Southern Nigeria, Ipadeola et al. Recently, Arikan et al., in a study among Turkish population, comparing long-term complications of diabetes among GAD-Ab + and GAD-Ab − patients, documented a prevalence of 31% of LADA while Bosi et al., in a population-based study in Italy, found as low as 2.8% prevalence of LADA.
There is a wide difference in prevalence of LADA among various population groups across the globe. Because of this unique combination of features, this form of diabetes is sometimes referred to as Type 1.5 diabetes. ,, It has been found that the LADA subset of patients has similar or even higher genetic predisposition to develop nonimmune diabetes as compared to those GAD-Ab − diabetes. ,, , LADA shared both features of T1DM: presence of autoantibody (GAD-Ab), decreased body mass index (BMI), and less C-peptide and T2DM characteristics of late-onset and insulin resistance. It is characterized by age usually >30 years, lean body mass, insulin independence within the first 6 months of diagnosis, positive GAD-Ab, and low serum C-peptide level. Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) is a form of TIA diabetes that occurs late and can be mistaken as a T2DM. The GAD-Ab, which is more sensitive and higher concentration in adult population, is used to diagnose Type 1A diabetes (T1A) among adult patients. The pancreatic autoantibodies implicated in the autoimmune process include glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (GAD-Ab), islet cell cytoplasmic antibody (ICA), and antibodies to the protein tyrosine phosphatases Islet antibody (IA2 or IA2-β). Type 1A diabetes is caused by autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic β-cells, thereby leading to absolute insulin deficiency and subsequent dependency on insulin in most patients. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 with P90%) is characterized by relative insulin deficiency or resistance. The mean (standard deviation) of these clinical and biochemical parameters was compared between GAD-Ab + and GAD-Ab − groups. Their clinical characteristics were documented, and we measured their serum GAD-Ab, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting C-peptide, fasting plasma glucose, and fasting serum lipids. Methods: Two-hundred noninsulin-requiring T2DM patients were recruited from the diabetes clinic based on the selection criteria. In this study, we intend to document prevalence and clinical characteristics of LADA subset patients in Northern Nigeria. The prevalence of LADA among T2DM patients varies among population due to different diagnostic criteria, patients' characteristics, the assay used, and genetic predisposition. It exhibits rapid deterioration of the pancreatic β-cells secretory function due to the destructive action of the autoantibodies. It commonly occurs in people aged ≥30 years and is characterized by initial response to oral hypoglycemic agents, lean body mass, and presence of glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibody (GAD-Ab).
Introduction: Latent autoimmune diabetes in adult (LADA) is a form of Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) that occurs in adult or with advancing age.
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